Today the idea of ‘’business education’’ is growing very fast. There are a lot of training courses and seminars that cover quite many specializations in different fields for those who want to enhance their professional and educational level. Selecting this or that training programme people try to fill the gap during student year opportunities, some people try to fix their academic knowledge with the help of practical trainings, others try look at the accumulated skills and competencies in a slightly different angle. People willing to invest their own money into further education, share a commitment to professional development and, consequently, increase the importance of their candidacy. There are different courses, trainings and seminars. When selecting we must first analyze the knowledge and skills that are necessary to obtain, correlate it with course programmes, consult with colleagues, supervisors, consider rankings of educational institutions and any other information available in the market. Every profession has its certificated and diplomas, the presence of which make the specialist not only more qualified, but also more ‘’demanded’’. Besides, the diplomas of different but complementary courses (and thus correlated with the main profession) characterize candidates as diversified individuals seeking professional and personal development.

One should not get carried away and make the process of additional education chaotic, attending different unrelated courses. Only the programmes that have become hands-on skills must be mentioned in CV, as labor is paid for rather than theoretical knowledge. During the interview the candidate must be able to clearly explain the reason why he has attended these courses, whether they were useful for him, how they helped him in his further work and life, i.e. at once it becomes clear, whether the attended seminars were just for so or or the candidate attended them consciously. In order not to overload the CV, it is necessary to mention the most significant trainings and courses for the position.

After receiving the vacancies from the employers the two sides start discussing the requirements for the candidate (education, work experience, etc.), working conditions of the specialist (from the command system to salary and social package). Thus, starting working on the vacancy, the manager of the personnel recruiting agancy has a clear idea of who will suit as a perfect applicant for the company. It is known that there are vacancies of different lelvels, that’s why the requirements of the employer can be very strict and absolutely democratic. Very often it happens so that the employers “gives” a vacancy to the prsonnel recruiting agency presenting high standards for the applicant, but is willing to pay littlem money. There are many nuances, and depending on all these the market of candidates for the personnel recruiting agency is either wide(there is a choice, and in the first place will be considered the applicants that perfectly fit for the position) or narrow (there are a few candidates, and the personnel recruiting agency will be pay great attention to each specialist that meets the requirements).

Having an interview with the applicant in the personnel recruiting agnecy, the manager decides whether the candidate is suitable. If the interview is successful and the specialaisst fits the requirements ( we should note that this can be applied for not only for work rxperinece, but also to the style of communication, apearance, credibility, i.e. personal characteristics), the consultant of the personnel reqruiting agency sends his resume with his comments to the employer of the company. Moreover, if for exmaple the resume of the candidate is not written so well,and the consultant notices during the interview that the experience of a specialist is more iteresirng than that in the resume, he can add his resume according to the results of the interview pointing the important details that can influence on the successful decisionmaking. As a rule the consultant calls back to the customer himself in order to comment on his own letter and talk about his impression of the interview. Then the employer considers the candidate and decides whether he is prepared to meet with the applicant. If so the candidate is invited for the interview.

We should note that very often our consultants go the interview to the employer with the applicant. Why? in our opinion, such a joint step helps the candidate and the employer to find a common language. It is not a secret that many comapanies are not willing to held interviews , so that the specialist who has ome to the employer on his own, may be “not disclosed”. In this case the consultant helps to held the interview, contributing to the better representation o fthe candidate. In other cases, the personnel recruiting agency propoeses to held an interview in his own office.

Today, all of us know that one of the essential components of modern life has become a successful career. Everybody strives for it, even those who have come to work from remote parts of Russia or CIS.

In modern life career building is a prerequisite for succeeding in professional activities. It is difficult to imagine a successful and stable company that would not announce career opportunities. If you consider company vacancies, you can easily notice this. It is even harder to imagine a specialist who would not dream of a position of a head of the department, or would not like to be an assistant director of a department, company or a holding.

In the depth of such aspirations the frequently used term careerist was born. For many people it has a negative connotation, implying an unprincipled man, indifferent to the interests of colleagues and the company, as for the professional of personnel market is considered to be a positive characteristics. That is why the most important thing for a careerist is to understand how and what level he wants to achieve…

It is not that simple to climb the ladders of your career, one needs to make attempts.

When there is no other way for motivation for the lazy employees, the employer can make a firm decision. For example to hire a person who would be an additional ‘’stimulus’’ and ‘’troublemaker’’ in the calmness of the office.

A way to attract the newcomers as a ’’catalyst’’ for all in-house processes often proves to be unsuccessful; the heads of large and small companies are not prepared to exclude it from its arsenal. Perhaps this is because in some cases even this overtly manipulative approach can be effective. However, to achieve a desired result it is important for the head of the office to prevent mobbing in relation to any innocent newcomer.

Such a phenomenon as an office bullying, has many different guises. According to the Swedish psychologist Hantz Leiman , who had spent many years to the study of this phenomenon, there are about fifty five mobbing tactics that are used in order to get rid of the colleague. The most common from these variants are keeping in secret important information for work , ignoring of (requests, orders, even the personality of the employee), slender, ridicule, getting rid of the most dreary and unpleasant work and psychological isolation. In a word everything from what any normal person would try to get out of such inhospitable environment. But those who make the decision to “endure” , six-twelve months later begin to have health problems the “dormant” chronic diseases become evident, sometime appear new ones.

So the first and most basic rule to which you should pay attention in similar situation is that you should not wait for the bullying to stop itself. It is useless to hope that the protégé ‘’will manage himself’’ or it takes some time to get adapted to the person. There is no time, because in such cases the authority of the menageries on the first place as well as the employee’s health- both physical and psychological. Besides, every such case reinforces the employee in the opinion of the weakness of the head and on his own importance. The sense of impunity and illusion of righteousness can lead that every newcomer, who comes to the company can be in the sight of disapproving looks and provocative actions. And which one of employers who has spent time and money on the search and selection of employees is ready to pay for the replacement again and again.

It is useless to try to pay attention to the advantages of the object of mobbying trying to raise his position by personal errands. On the contrary, any such attempt will be regarded as fawning of the head in front of the unrelenting “arbiters of justice”. As, however, the attempts to appeal to the conscious and compassion that only strengthen the initiators of bullying as “strong”.

3. Skills: What unique skills should the applicant have?
Study the responsibilities of the potential employee and see what skills he should possess for their successful implementation. The clerk of the service, when handling a call, for example, must be able to talk politely on the phone, and also be able to listen to the speaker. The manager should be a good performer with the clients, and always be aware of the deadlines of the tasks, and as for the team leader, should have expressed leadership skills. The list should consist of the so called “tangible skills” (what the person knows) and “intangible skills” (how the person uses this knowledge).

4. Job Style: How well the person carries out his tasks.
In small companies the style of job is as important as his own job. The new employees have to get used to the new company’s style and its team members. For example, a man who was used to working in a team; it will be difficult for him to work in a group of individualists. Indeed, in some cases it may be of great importance for the quality of the performed job.

5 .Character: What kind of person will successfully work in your team?
The character of the potential employee is as important as the style of his work. Your goal is to find a person who will feel comfortable in a new team and coherently work with new colleagues. Make a list of characteristic features that are most important for you-be it a sense of humor, honesty, compassion and so on. It is not necessary to include this list in the job description; you can use it for the selection of the candidates after the interview.

The job description should be simple and straightforward. These five tips will help you to find the best candidates. If you want to hire the right specialist, you must have a clear idea of what kind of employee you are going to look for. The requirements for the candidates should not be limited only by work experience and education; they must also specify the personal characteristics of the potential candidate that will help him work successfully in your company. The job description serves several purposes:

• It is the base of your ad and can attract the right candidates
• Gives you the opportunity to make good impression of your company
• It optimizes the process of your resume viewing helping you to find you the best candidates
• It will help you to prepare special questions for the interview that will help to select the most suitable candidates.

Each programme for candidate selection should be based on the following five principles:

1.  Job Responsibilities. What will the employee be responsible for?
Be sure to provide the details for the vacancy. Begin with the title of the post- it must be informative (e.g. ‘’sales representative in the capital-household goods’’, not just ‘’sales representative”), the title must conform to the standards adopted in one or another sphere. The hierarchy may be reflected in it adopted in your company (such terms as ‘’junior manager’’, ‘’assistant’’, or ‘’senior manager’’ reflect the professional level of this position. Then describe job responsibilities. Think carefully about this point-obscure or incorrect description of the candidate will make it difficult selecting a candidate, as it will be hard for you to determine his main responsibilities.

2.  Work experience: what kind of knowledge is needed for carrying out the job?
Knowledge of the appropriate field and job specifics, education and professional certifications- all these options will help you in selecting the right candidate. You must decide beforehand what experience and education the suitable candidate should have. For example, is it necessary to have work experience in the same field or skills acquired during jobs in other fields will also be suitable.

Find it out the meaning of the level of education of the applicant in this or that case. The presence of special certificates may also be important. Finally, evaluate your capabilities in investing time and resources in training future employees.

People dealing with the arts in some way obtain some kind of artistic skills. In this sphere, human qualities quickly become apparent in extreme forms. The one, who is really clear in his thoughts, whether the creator or the researcher, gradually reveals new edges of his soul. Their mission is to bring happiness to the others. The same intelligent and exalted they remain in ordinary life. Aesthetics becomes part of their life. For those people who have dedicated themselves to the study of creativity of others are characterized by their independent view in everything. That’s how you can make real discoveries. Sometimes in their real life those people are impractical, far from reality.

The sources of creative inspiration are not known; therefore success may be achieved with the help of hard work. That’s why the it is so characteristic for the creative environment the demonstration of such skill as envy. Unfortunately, not all the representatives of the field have kind soul. There exist traders, who perceive the arts as an object of sale. They are not concerned about the beauty of the products, they are interested in how much they cost. There are many critics in the field who could not show their real face that’s way they are in constant search of flaws in others. All the negative traits of such people become evident.

One of the most extensive areas of activity today is considered to be selling. The representatives of the given sphere also behave themselves particularly, as their occupations dictate them a special mannered behavior. The merchants develop judging skills, the habit of speaking directly with persuasive phrases, the desire to please people, etc. All these can create problems during private communication.

The profession of a teacher also has strong influence on one’s character. Communicating with children, striving to understand their inner world, to enter it, often leads to a change in teacher’s outlook. Some teachers obtain the habit to instruct, to make moralizing conclusions. Even the manner of speech changes: it becomes more measured, more didactic. If we consider it all, we can distinguish two types of old teachers: Some have the priority to suggest, the others –to take care. Accordingly the first types of teachers have stern and implacable character, whereas it is pleasant to deal with the second type, as they are easy to communicate with.

Those who have chosen exact science are considered to be people without any emotions and boring. But they don’t agree with this and try to break the stereotype. When confronting between physicists and poets, the publication ”The physicists are joking” was very popular, which proved that the representatives of technical professions, except the seriousness and punctuality, had sense of humor.

Indeed, working with exact instruments and mechanisms, does not contribute to the development of excessive severity, but forms a lot of positive qualities. First of all, we speak about rational approach to everything, including everyday problems. Such people consider a specific situation, as a special law case, they are able to look at the process from the outer side. They always calculate the consequences of different events; predict the actions of those who are surrounding them. Therefore in ordinary life one can get sensible advice from a technician/engineer. A negative feature for a physicist sometimes becomes an excessive pedantry, but more often it just the opposite: scientists are generally absent-minded. Getting accustomed to operating with general categories, they, as a rule, are not attentive to details.

Perhaps the strongest influence on one’s character leave jobs connected with the areas of non-standard, critical situations that are beyond ordinary logic. In places, where every day we observe how someone tries to keep his balance, sometimes even risks his life, all the qualities of a person become transparent. This applies to those, whose service is directly related to criminal events. Policemen, investigators, lawyers and other law enforcement and the judiciary bodies in the period of time are covered with a sort of an “armor” which strangers consider to be insensitivity and cynicism. There is no other way: when confronted with the defects/flaws and weaknesses of close people, not every time you should take it all so seriously. That’s why, people try to keep away of what is happening in order to maintain the objectivity and clarity of thought.

Those who deal with the investigation of crimes gradually become more attentive to details. All the information from the outer world they automatically store in the cells of their memory in order to use appropriate data at the right time. Besides, they develop analytical skills, which allow to foresee the progression of certain situations. However, such a person can begin to subconsciously look for catches in everything, suspicious of others, treat them with suspicion, and avoid contact at all forgetting that the vast majority of citizens are not criminals, on the contrary, every criminal sickens them. Therefore, it is particularly important, in principal, not to get disappointed in people. Certainly, sometimes people make terrible mistakes. However, he is capable of being extraordinarily generous. So that in no case you should be enclosed in the circle of one’s official interests, you should have something that distracts in daily life that displays other facets of life. To the category of those having serious psychological problems we may also refer a medical direction.

The profession of a doctor generates in a person a special kind of compassion; not just sympathy towards the patient, but the desire to make every effort to eradicate the disease. That’s why it unacceptable to be excessively emotional, just to have logical thinking, the ability to collate and analyze data, to store in memory huge amount of information. The distinctive features of doctors in ordinary life include readiness to help people. But there are people who are often annoyed by the doctor’s constant, sometimes excessive concern for hygiene.

When choosing a profession we want it to correspond to our character, reveal our abilities, not to be boring, and not to contradict our principles of life, etc… There are a variety of tests which are to determine which profession is most suitable for this or that person. Can one’s work leave an imprint on his character?

Almost all character features are laid at the genetic level, most of them can’t be changed, even if try hard. However, there is a certain percentage of psychic peculiarities that are transformed throughout life. Do such factors as external circumstances, upbringing, education, environment, location contribute to this?

After leaving school, sometimes yesterday’s children change in an unexpected way, and teachers become surprised to learn that a hooligan has become the head of a large firm, and a moderate student has made a successful academic career. Although, if you look carefully, it is most likely that there have been factors, but you didn’t notice all of them, and quite often teachers stick labels on such extraordinary students, and after getting rid of them, they find their own selves. A good teacher can significantly affect on young students. He is able to develop positive and useful life traits such as: inquisitiveness, diligence, perseverance, commitment. A real teacher perfectly understands that adults change considerably less and in the result of serious problems, in unusual, even extreme cases, that’s why it is so important to everything that is possible for the development of positive qualities in school.

Generally, our priorities for life are rather stable, but still under the influence of some circumstances sometimes new qualities are being formed. For example, people that have changed their jobs note trifle changes in themselves. Basically, we spend half of our life at working place and due to work many things become habits for us and as Latin proverb says,-“A habit is a second nature”. Thus, qualities required for job gradually show up in everyday life.
How do we choose a profession? Creative and professions dealing with public seem more attractive during childhood. Over years, learning at school different disciplines allows a person to determine what he is mainly interested in and what is more close to his heart.

Quite many people confirm that have chosen this or that field of work due to their school teacher who was able to interest them, develop love towards his subject. The choice is also influenced by the people who are surrounding them, mainly parents. Not for nothing there exist dynasties, in which the secrets of handicraft pass down from generation to generation. Sometimes, there are life circumstances that play a decisive role, sometimes tragic, for example the death of a close person makes the child to devote himself to medicine. But whatever may affect the choice, it is obvious: if a person takes the matter seriously, he gradually begins to some extent identify with a “typical representative” of his profession. Dividing all the professions into several major groups, one can single out the key features of each of them and find out which of these properties help in life, and which on the contrary create problems.

Which is the best way of sending a resume- by e-mail or by fax?
We recommend to use Internet. If you don’t have Internet at home or at office, you can use Internet café services, which exist not only in the capitals. If you don’t have access to the network, you can send a fax (by the way, you can send a fax from any post-office). In extreme cases go to the post and as in old times send a resume in a registered letter. It takes much more time, but a resume sent in such an extravagant way will be paid attention to.

Where to gain an experience, if nobody takes you for a job?
Many students are interested in this question. Nevertheless, many university graduates notice such an obstacle too late, and at the end of the programme they lack not only professional experience, but also temporary work experience. If you have only education, and no experience, then to write a ‘brilliant’ resume will be quite difficult, but still possible. Maybe you didn’t take something into account- even babysitting is considered to be an experience and proof that you are able to take responsibility, and that they can rely on you. Show in the resume your rich potential.

I am always confused by the issue about personal qualities in the resume; it is quite difficult for me to evaluate myself. Besides, I may exaggerate my merits and during an interview I may find myself in an awkward situation if I make the opposite impression. Can I omit describing these points?
There is a way out of such situation. You can ask the people you trust for advice and they will help you to make a more objective picture. It is desirable that those people, more or less, had some connection with business, because it is important to mention in the resume the qualities that you will show during business situations. If you think that you possess outstanding qualities that will help you to get the job, you have to emphasize them. If you don’t mention anything concerning your personal characteristics, that will not make worse the impression of your resume.

Is it necessary to mention in the resume the size of wages, or is it better to clarify these issues during personal contact with employer or recruiter?
The issue concerning the wages is a very important question to mention in the resume. If you don’t mention about the wages, the number of suggestions for you can enlarge. This is especially important when you place resume in such sites as www.headhunter.ru, in which the amount of wages is often a criterion for search. However, there is a chance that you will be distracted by the vacancies you are not interested in. It is better to imagine the level of wages, which corresponds to your intended position and the field you want to get the job in. Such information may be obtained from surveys of salaries in the market.

I have high education and large work experience. But I am still young and full of energy, and I want to try myself in a new field, new profession. How should I look for a new job?
First of all, you should forget about advertisements and recruiting companies. Except for entry level vacancies, companies publish advertisements to attract specialists with particular work experience. In order to make the process without serious effects, it is necessary to get support from old friends and make new acquaintances and establish new contacts in the desirable field of work. Find mentors who will advice, support and facilitate the process of creating the network of new acquaintances and will confirm your abilities.

I have been working in the same place for more than 8 years. Is it possible that some employers will consider me to be passive, unambitious, and that I don’t want to learn something new.
Even if you have been working in the same place for all these years, you have constantly grown and developed. Divide your work experience into several modules, and describe each module as certain positions in various companies are being described. Show that at each level your work was more responsible; the duties became more complicated, and you had had to confront with new creative changes. It is easy enough, especially if you really had different positions.

Is it necessary to include recommendations in resume?
No. Create a separate document with the names and details of those people, who will recommend you. Present this document, when the potential employer, not the recruiter, asks for it. The information becomes worthless, if too many people see and hear about it.

How to overcome the age discrimination during an interview with an employer if he is not that young?
For our society the age discrimination is a serious problem… You should mention in your resume that you are not a ‘well-preserved’, but a highly qualified specialist. Keep it short. There is no need to talk about the experience that you have gained over 15 years ago. Avoid ‘antediluvian dates’ when talking about education and early work experience. And what is more important- you should pay much attention on your last 2 or more significant achievements during your career. Be able to prove that you are an appropriate candidate for the position, show that you are aware of new technologies and innovations, using modern terms.